S.M.J. Rogge

pH-sensitive dyes are increasingly applied onto polymer substrates for the creation of novel sensor materials. Recently, these dye molecules have been modified to form a covalent bond with the polymer host. This can have a large influence on the pH-sensitive properties, in particular on the acidity constant (pKa). Obtaining molecular control over the factors that influence the pK$_a$ value is mandatory for future intelligent design of sensor materials. Herein, we show that advanced molecular dynamics (MD) methods have reached the level where pKa values of large solvated dye molecules can be predicted with high accuracy. Two MD methods are used in this work: steered or restrained MD and the insertion/deletion scheme. Both are first calibrated on a set of phenol derivatives and afterwards applied to the dye molecule Bromothymol Blue. Excellent agreement with experimental values is obtained, which opens perspectives for using these methods for designing dye molecules.

In this paper, three barostat coupling schemes for pressure control, which are commonly used in molecular dynamics simulations, are critically compared to characterise the rigid MOF-5 and the flexible MIL-53(Al) metal-organic frameworks. We investigate the performance of the three barostats, the Berendsen, the Martyna-Tuckerman-Tobias-Klein (MTTK) and the Langevin coupling methods, in reproducing the cell parameters and the pressure versus volume behaviour in isothermal-isobaric simulations. A thermodynamic integration method is used to construct the free energy profiles as a function of volume at finite temperature. It is observed that the aforementioned static properties are well reproduced with the three barostats. However, for static properties depending nonlinearly on the pressure, the Berendsen barostat might give deviating results as it suppresses pressure fluctuations more drastically. Finally, dynamic properties, which are directly related to the fluctuations of the cell, such as the time to transition from the large-pore to the closed-pore phase, cannot be well reproduced by any of the coupling schemes.