First semester
Atomic and Molecular Physics (E025010)
The aim of this course is to build the quantum-mechanical formalism required for the theoretical interpretation of the atomic and molecular spectra.
Keywords | Atomic and molecular spectra, Quantum modeling of atoms and molecules
Lecturers | prof. Veronique Van Speybroeck & prof. Henk Vrielinck (WE04)
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E025010/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E025010/2025
Computational Materials physics (E024121)
By hands-on computer exercises, you will learn in the course how to compute many different properties of solids at one or more length scales. Case studies will offer an overview of the computational tools that are available for materials scientists and condensed matter physicists to understand materials at the atomic level and above -- and even to design them.
Keywords | Simulations at the atomic scale, Material physics, DFT, Computational materials design
Lecturer | prof. Stefaan Cottenier & prof. Leo Kestens (EA08)
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E024122/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E024122/2025
Materials Physics (C004141)
The course teaches students materials physics, using a dual track where the main concepts are introduced through analytical model systems and detailed by a computational approach. The course covers a typical selection of topics in solid-state physics, including a description of crystal lattices and an introduction to reciprocal space through the problem of diffraction. Next, crystal binding is addressed, together with the mechanical and thermal properties of crystals. Electronic states in solids are addressed from the free electron gas to band-theory. Optical properties of metals and semiconductors are discussed and so are the main solid-state devices, including photovoltaic cells, photodiodes and light emitting diodes. The modules (1) concepts in materials physics and (2) computational materials physics can be followed as Advanced Topics in Chemistry.
Lecturers | prof. Zeger Hans (WE06) & prof. Stefaan Cottenier
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C004141/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C004141/2025
Quantum Mechanics II (E023060)
Basic concepts and advanced quantummechanics. A basic knowledge of the quantummechanics is required (as the concept of one-dimensional Schrödinger equation). It is the final intention to treat the (one-body) perturbation theory in great detail. The lectures are expected to give a founded basis for more specialised issues such as semi-conducting physics, atomic and molecular physics, subatomic physics, many-body problems, molecular modeling, etc.
Keywords | Quantum mechanics, Angular momentum, Perturbation theory
Lecturers | prof. Veronique Van Speybroeck & prof. Dimitri Van Neck
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E023060/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E023060/2025
Modelling and Engineering of Nanoscale Materials (E006800)
In this course, nanoscale modelling techniques are introduced by building upon concepts from quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and atomic and molecular physics, focusing on the applicability of these concepts and the rational approximations necessary to model real-life nanostructured materials with industrial relevance. To model these nanosized functionalmaterials, a variety of simulation techniques are discussed and applied in this course.
Keywords | Many-body physics, Interatomic interactions, Molecular dynamics, Electronic-structure theory, Spectroscopy, Basis sets for wavefunctions, Force fields, Nanoscale materials design, Electronic engineering, Mechanical engineering, Thermal engineering, Structure characterization and prediction
Lecturers | prof. Louis Vanduyfhuys & dr. Sven Rogge
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E006800/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E006800/2025
Computational Physics (C001827)
Only a restricted amount of problems in physics can be efficiently solved in an analytical fashion. A wide variety of physical problems, however, can be efficiently solved with the aid of computer simulations, numerical techniques and physics-based algorithms. Often, computational physics is considered as a third leg in physics next to theoretical and experimental physics. The course aims at introducing and describing the methodology of computational physics. This is done by means of detailed examples stemming from quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and solid-state physics. The focus of the course is NOT on computer programming, but on outlining how one can conduct physics on a computer.
Keywords | Computational physics, Numerical and simulation techniques, Algorithms, Uncertainty quantification
Lecturers | prof. Jan Ryckebusch (WE05) & prof. Toon Verstraelen
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C001827/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C001827/2025
Molecular Simulations of Biosystems (C002727)
The function of biological macromolecules is determined by their three-dimensional structure and dynamics. With molecular simulations, it is possible to calculate these microscopic properties and to link them to macroscopic variables, such as thermodynamic properties. Molecular modeling is increasingly used as a valuable tool by biologists and (bio)chemists. Due to the ever-increasing computer capabilities, these simulations have become accessible to end-users. In addition, simulations can often provide answers to fundamental scientific questions in a relatively inexpensive way, not requiring many (costly) chemical reactions or purifications. Within the academic world but also in the industry, modeling is frequently applied to biomolecules such as proteins, polynucleotides, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, etc.
Keywords | Proteins and DNA, Molecular dynamics, Force fields, Multiscale modeling, QM/MM, PCA
Lecturers | prof. Toon Verstraelen & prof. Savvas Savvides (WE10)
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C002727/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C002727/2025
Theoretical Mechanics I (E040050)
Theoretical Mechanics aims at providing a mathematical formulation of mechanics. It gives the students insight into the construction of a mathematical model for a physical theory. In the course 'Theoretical Mechanics I' attention is paid to the mechanics of point particles. The first part which is devoted to Newtonian mechanics, is partly complementary to the mechanics which students have seen in the first bachelor's course "Physics I", at least in the sense that it covers the same concepts and techniques, but is presented now in a more mathematical and less descriptive way. The second part, Lagrange and Hamilton dynamics, offers an acquaintance with a more general formulation of mechanics which plays an important role in many domains of theoretical physics (quantum mechanics, field theories, ...).
Keywords | Theoretical mechanics, Systems of particles, Newtonian formalism, Lagrangian formalism, Hamiltonian formalism
Lecturer | prof. Dimitri Van Neck
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E040050/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E040050/2025
Quantum Optics (E006500)
The aim of this course is to provide a quantum mechanical treatment of the interaction between light and matter and apply it to various state-of-the-art applications such as lasers, single photon sources, cold atoms, quantum cryptography, quantum computing and quantum sensing.
Keywords | Electromagnetic field, Photons, Quantization, (Resonant) light-matter interaction, Lasers, Photonstatistics, Quantum information
Lecturers | prof. Bart Kuyken (EA05) & prof. Dimitri Van Neck
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E006500/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E006500/2025
Python for Scientists (C004212)
This course unit belongs to the learning pathway "Computer skills" in the Bachelor program Physics and Astronomy. Computational methods are the "bicycles of the mind": computational algorithms offer new opportunities in experimental setups or in simulations of theoretical models, all of which would be unthinkable with simple manual calculation, a calculator or a spreadsheet. Therefore, creative application of programming skills and software libraries form an important set of skills for students in the Physics and Astronomy program. These skills will prove helpful in the remainder of the study program and they are also strongly appreciated assets on the job market. This course will provide a basic theoretical understanding of numerical algorithms and their relevance to physics and astronomy. Hands-on sessions and projects during the term will complement the theory with hands-on skills to tackle various problems in the domain with computational methods.
Keywords | Computational physics and astronomy, Numerical methods
Lecturers | prof. Toon Verstraelen & prof. Jonathan Leliaert (WE04)
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C004212/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C004212/2025
Electricity and Magnetism (I700209)
Within the field of agriculture, food, horticulture and biochemistry, electrical components and electrical machines are very widely used. Therefore it is important that the students are familiar with the basic laws of electricity and the operation principle of electrical machinery control.
Keywords | Electricity, Magnetism, Charge, Electrostatics, Potential difference, Capacitors, DC and AC current, Electromagnetic induction, Motors, Electromagnetic waves
Lecturer | prof. Toon Verstraelen
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/I700209/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/I700209/2025
Teaching Methodology Physics (H002224)
This course contributes to the realization of the basic competences for teachers and the training competences of the educational Master's program at Ghent University. The physics knowledge acquired in the domain subjects serves as a basis for becoming acquainted with situations and problems that a physics teacher will encounter, for gaining insights, strategies and inspiration for dealing with these situations, and for practicing all kinds of teaching skills. The course is built around online modules and microteaching sessions, each time linked to feedback, (self) reflection or group discussion.
Keywords | Powerful learning environment, Educational efficiency, 'Eindtermen', Curricula, Misconceptions, Activating teaching methods, Giving and seeking feedback, Didactic research
Lecturers | prof. Stefaan Cottenier & prof. Philippe Smet (WE04)
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/H002224/2025
Comparative Study of Drug Discovery Approaches and Technologies (J000527)
There is not a general applicable method or recipe to discover small-molecule drugs. Depending on the pre-existing knowledge of the target disease different routes may be followed towards new lead compounds. This course aims at exposing the students to state-of-the-art approaches and technologies that may be used to discover or design small-molecule pharmacological agents (lead
generation).
Keywords | Drug Discovery Approaches and Technologies, Lead Discovery
Lecturers | prof. Serge Van Calenbergh (FW01) & prof. Ahmad Reza Mehdipour
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/J000527/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/J000527/2025
Quantum Mechanics 2 (C002245)
This course unit belongs to the learning pathway "Theoretical physics" in the Bachelor program Physics and Astronomy. To familiarize the students with the concepts, laws and ways of thinking of chemical thermodynamics and with the applications to phase transitions and chemical reactions. To provide insight into the molecular background of thermodynamic concepts. To discuss the various aspects of the problem of reaction rate. To demonstrate how rate equations are deduced from experimental data and how rate equations and reaction mechanisms are related. To explain and evaluate the theories on reaction rates which are currently used.
Keywords | Quantum mechanics, Theoretical Physics
Lecturers | prof. Dimitri Van Neck & prof. Frank Verstraete (WE05)
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C002245/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C002245/2025
Structural Bioinformatics (C003526)
This course gives an overview of the field of structural bioinformatics. It gives a perspective of the largest research domains in structural bioinformatics and the problems that pose themselves. Insight will be given in the concepts used by the different algorithms. Using appropriate online tools, software, and approaches, protein structures and sequences will be analyzed towards research in biochemistry, biotechnology, and structural biology.
Keywords | Secondary Structure Determination, Structure Prediction, Hybrid Methods in Structural Biology, Structure Quality Validation, Molecular Visualization, Structural Databases, Molecular Docking, Force Fields, Molecular Dynamics, Structural Bioinformatics
Lecturers | prof. Savvas Savvides (WE10) & prof. Ahmad Reza Mehdipour
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C003526/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C003526/2025
Molecular Scale Modelling in Bio(medical) Engineering (E074500)
Computational modeling of biomedical processes such as drug-target interaction is one of the emerging fields in biomedicine, providing a complementary and quantitative tool to experiments which may be limited in temporal and spatial resolution. Molecular dynamics simulations and machine-learning based approaches are emerging as powerful methods for studying biomedical problems. This course covers the basics of these computational methods and their application in biomedicine.
Keywords | Nanoscale Modeling, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Computational Drug Design, Drug Delivery Systems, Machine Learning
Lecturers | prof. Ahmad Reza Mehdipour & prof. An Ghysels (EA06)
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E074500/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E074500/2025
Second semester
Theoretical Mechanics (C004210)
This course unit belongs to the learning pathway "Theoretical physics" in the Bachelor program Physics and Astronomy. Deepening of the basic principles of classical Newtonian mechanics that were acquired in the Mechanics course. Getting acquainted with theoretical physics as the modeling of natural phenomena using mathematical concepts and techniques. Application to physics problems of the course material on Linear algebra and Analysis.
Keywords | Newtonian mechanics, Formalisms of Lagrange and Hamilton
Lecturer | prof. Dimitri Van Neck
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C004210/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C004210/2025
Quantum Electrodynamics (C000819)
The prime goal of this educational unit is to provide a nonrelativistic introduction to quantum electrodynamics. In addition, electromagnetic interactions within the framework of the Dirac equation are also studied.
Keywords | Quantum mechanics, Electromagnetism, Modern physics, Quantum electrodynamics, Dirac Theory
Lecturer | prof. Dimitri Van Neck
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C000819/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C000819/2025
Quantum Mechanics I (E023010)
This course can be considered as an introduction to the traditional "Modern Physics" course. A short treatment of Einstein's special theory of relativity is given. Special attention goes to the experimental basis of Quantum Physics, emphasizing the limits of the classical physics and the introduction of Quantum Mechanics. The postulates are introduced among wich the time dependent Schrödinger Equation. In this lecture, applications are restricted one dimensional problems. More formal mathematical aspects of quantum theory are discussed as an introduction to the follow-up course "Quantum Mechanics II".
Keywords | Theory of relativity, Quantum physics
Lecturers | prof. Louis Vanduyfhuys & dr. Sven Rogge
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E023010/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E023010/2025
Molecular Modelling of Industrial Processes (E071341)
Molecular modeling and simulations play a central role in the current development of industrial processes. It is an interdisciplinary research field in which physical and chemical insights are combined to understand the interactions on the nanoscale and the reactivity of individual chemical reactions. Due to the enormous increase of computational power and the development of very advanced numerical algorithms this approach is indispensable within the current field of chemical technology. Insight at the molecular scale allows to design innovative processes in a smart way. The application area is very broad and has proven its success for the development of many green and clean processes. This course describes the various methodologies that are needed to describe the electronic structure from first principles. This knowledge allows to deduce all necessary molecular properties to simulate reactions in complex molecular environments. The chemical kinetics and thermodynamics of individual chemical reactions are studies together with various reaction mechanisms in a variety of molecular environments.
Keywords | Catalysis, Chemical kinetics and thermodynamics, Density functional theory, Transition state theory, Molecular dynamics
Lecturer | prof. Veronique Van Speybroeck
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E071341/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E071341/2025
Physics III (E020310)
This course elaborates further on the thermodynamics covered in the starting competencies. The course introduces the fundamental principles of classical thermodynamics and statistical physics for system in equilibrium. As such, entropy is introduced in a mathematically and physically rigorous way based on the concept of reversible adiabatic surfaces. Furthermore, special attention is given to partition functions and the theory of ensembles as introduced by Gibbs. The basic distribution functions are derived: the Boltzmann distribution, the Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distribution. The course deals with the physics of systems with a lot of degrees of freedom and the ability to derive macroscopic properties for such systems. Applications are important in condensed matter physics, low temperature physics,
physical chemistry.
Keywords | Thermodynamics, Statistical physics, Partition functions, Degrees of freedom
Lecturer | prof. Louis Vanduyfhuys
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E020310/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E020310/2025
Statistical Physics (E021521)
This course teaches the foundations of statistical physics for systems in equilibrium in order to make the bridge from the microscopic structure of matter towards its macroscopic thermodynamic behavior. Special attention is given towards the introduction of partition functions and the ensemble theory of Gibbs. The Boltzmann partition function, the classical Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and the quantum Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics are derived. The course focuses on the physics of systems with many degrees of freedom and deriving their thermodynamic properties. Various applications from the field of solid state physics, physical chemistry and atomic and molecular physics are covered.
Keywords | Statistical thermodynamics, ensembles, partition function, Boltzmann distribution, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distribution
Lecturer | prof. Louis Vanduyfhuys
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E021521/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E021521/2025
Molecular Structure (E021560)
This basic course provides more in-depth insight in phenomena at the atomic and molecular scale. The principles of quantummechanics are introduced such as the Schrödinger equation, wavefunction and postulates of quantum mechanics. These concepts are applied on atomic and molecular systems, with the aim to obtain the solutions of hydrogenic like atoms and to understand rovibrational spectra of simple molecules. The importance of symmetry for explaining spectroscopic properties and chemical bonding are introduced.
Keywords | Quantum Mechanics, Molecular symmetry, Spectroscopy
Lecturer | prof. Veronique Van Speybroeck
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E021560/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E021560/2025
Teaching Methodology Physics (H002224)
This course contributes to the realization of the basic competences for teachers and the training competences of the educational Master's program at Ghent University. The physics knowledge acquired in the domain subjects serves as a basis for becoming acquainted with situations and problems that a physics teacher will encounter, for gaining insights, strategies and inspiration for dealing with these situations, and for practicing all kinds of teaching skills. The course is built around online modules and microteaching sessions, each time linked to feedback, (self) reflection or group discussion.
Keywords | Powerful learning environment, Educational efficiency, 'Eindtermen', Curricula, Misconceptions, Activating teaching methods, Giving and seeking feedback, Didactic research
Lecturers | prof. Stefaan Cottenier & prof. Philippe Smet (WE04)
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/H002224/2025
Many-body Physics (C001759)
In this course the theoretical description of quantum mechanical many-particle systems is the object of study. Based on examples from molecular, atomic, condensed matter, and nuclear physics, a unified treatment is provided through the concept of of the Green's function or propagator in a many-body system.
Keywords | Many-body physics, Second quantization, Mean field, Propagator, Collective states, Superfluidity, Superconductivity
Lecturer | prof. Dimitri Van Neck
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C001759/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C001759/2025
Physics 3 (C000248)
This course constitutes the third part of general, fundamental physics in the "classical" domain that consists of three major, all-semester courses: I. Mechanics, II. Waves and Optics and Thermal Physics, and III. Electromagnetism (incl. relevant aspects of Modern Physics). The objective of this third part is to gradually develop the theory of electromagnetism in a "soft" mathematical framework and emanating from the very initial experiments in the domain of electrostatics on the one hand, and those in the area of magnetism on the other hand. This approach finally results in the four fundamental laws of Maxwell that govern all electromagnetic phenomena that are known to date. Numerous relevant examples of these phenomena are presented, discussed and explained, commonly on the basis of elementary mathematics. The
paramount importance from the point of view of scientific education and training, is that the student, by this logical and deductive approach, learns how a completely developed domain in natural sciences gradually evolves from basic experiments that lead to fundamental laws. As in Physics 1 and Physics 2, the essential role played by basic calculus in the whole of this process is highlighted. The aim of the
lab tasks (where lab is used in a broad way), which is an integrated part of Physics 3, is to enlarge the observational and experimental skills of the student, as well as the critical interpretation of results.
Keywords | Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic oscillations, Waves and radition
Lecturer | prof. Stefaan Cottenier
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C000248/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C000248/2025
Nuclear Methods in Material Research (C003122)
The term 'nuclear methods' refers here to experimental tools in materials physics in which stable or radioactive atomic nuclei play a key role. Such methods are valuable for studying structural or magnetic properties of (defects in) materials at an atomic scale.
Keywords | Nuclear methods, Hyperfine interactions, Materials research
Lecturer | prof. Stefaan Cottenier
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C003122/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C003122/2025
Theoretical Mechanics II (E040060)
This is a continuation to the course "Theoretical Mechanics I" of the second year of bachelor in engineering physics, where the attention is focused on the mechanics of rigid bodies . The Newtonian approach as well as the Lagrangian and the Hamiltonian approach will be discussed. Within the Lagrangian formalism, a study is made of small oscillations in the neighbourhood of a stable equilibrium. Applications to engineering problems are discussed.
Keywords | Rigid bodies, Small oscillations
Lecturer | prof. Dimitri Van Neck
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/E040060/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/E040060/2025
Drug Design (C003088)
The course aims to expose the student to the principles that underlie molecular interactions in biological systems in terms of the affinity and specificity of binding in the context of protein-drug interactions. These concepts are approached from a thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural perspective, and in particular how they relate to the physicochemical properties of water as a universal solvent. Through well chosen case-studies the course will demonstrate the practical applications of such detailed molecular knowledge in structure-based drug design, protein engineering and design, and protein-based therapeutics (antibody and non-antibody protein scaffods). Finally the course covers the main methods currently used in the development of small-molecule and protein-based therapeutics.
Keywords | Protein-Protein and Protein-Ligand Interactions, Biochemical-Biophysical Basis of Protein-Protein and Protein-Drug Interactions, Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Biomolecular Interactions, Rational Drug-Design, Protein Engineering, Biologics, Small-Molecule and Protein-Based Therapeutics
Lecturer | prof. Savvas Savvides (WE10) & prof. Ahmad Reza Mehdipour
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C003088/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C003088/2025
Experimental Structural Biology (C003615)
The purpose of the course is to expose students to the most important methods in structural biology in the post-genomic era that can lead to information about the three dimensional structure of biomolecules. Special emphasis is placed on the integrative nature of modern structural biology.
Keywords | Experimental Methods in Structural Biology, 3D-Structure Determination of Biological Macromolecules via X-Ray Crystallography, (Cryo)-Electron Microscopy, Electron Tomography, Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering, Integrative Structural Biology
Lecturer | prof. Savvas Savvides (WE10) & prof. Ahmad Reza Mehdipour
Course specification [EN] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/en/C003615/2025
Course specification [NL] https://studiekiezer.ugent.be/studiefiche/nl/C003615/2025